Regional Differences in the Human Resource Conditions in the European Union
Tamás Tánczos - Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Egészségház utca 4., 3300
Eger, Hungary
Julianna Csugány - Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Egészségház utca 4., 3300
Eger, Hungary
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/Balkans.JETSS.2024.7.1.1-10
Tamás Tánczos - Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Egészségház utca 4., 3300
Eger, Hungary
Julianna Csugány - Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Egészségház utca 4., 3300
Eger, Hungary
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/Balkans.JETSS.2024.7.1.1-10
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Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, (2024) , Vol 7, No 1
ISSN: 2620-164X |
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Abstract: In recent years, the pandemic crisis generated challenges for countries highlighting serious economic structural problems. Significant social and economic development differences remain not only between countries but also within countries. There is a consensus among economists that human resources are one of the most important factors in countries to realize technological progress and improve competitiveness, which aims to moderate income disparities. The income and technological inequalities between regions can be derived from differences in human resources, which also prevent the improvement of competitiveness and economic growth. This research aims to illustrate the inequalities of human resource conditions in the NUTS-2 level regions of the European Union. Using the latest version of the Regional Competitiveness Index and the Regional Innovation Scoreboard, the regional differences in human resources by innovation performance groups are analyzed with multivariate statistical methods to identify the critical human factor(s) that affect the region’s competitiveness and innovation performance. The improvement of these factors can be essential to moderate regional inequalities in the European Union.
Keywords: Human resources, Regional disparities, Regional competitiveness, Innovation, European Union.
JEL Classification O15 · O31
Keywords: Human resources, Regional disparities, Regional competitiveness, Innovation, European Union.
JEL Classification O15 · O31
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Balakrishnan, R., Ebeke, C., Malacrino, D., Rabier, L., & Firat, M. (2022). Regional Disparities in Europe. IMF Working Papers, 2022(198), 1 https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400219184.001
Dijkstra, L., Papadimitriou, E., Cabeza Martinez, B., de Dominicis, L., & Kovacic, M. (2023). EU Regional Competitiveness Index 2.0. 2022 edition. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/work/rci_2022/eu-rci2_0-2022_en.pdf
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EU Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) 2.0 – 2022 edition [database]. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/assets/regional-competitiveness/index.html#/
Faggian, A., & McCann, P. (2009). Human capital and regional development. In: Capello, E. & Nijkamp, P. (eds). Handbook of Regional Growth and Development Theories. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK - Northampton, MA, USA. Chapter 8. 133-151. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848445987.00015
Gennaioli, N., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Human Capital and Regional Development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 105–164. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs050
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Hudecz, G., Moshammer, E., & Wieser, T. (2020). Regional disparities in Europe: should we be concerned? European Stability Mechanism, Discussion Paper/13. https://www.esm.europa.eu/system/files/document/2021-08/2021_08_20_ESM_DP13_0.pdf
Jašková, D., & Havierniková, K. (2020). The human resources as an important factor of regional development. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(3), 1464-1478
Kokuytseva, T., & Ovchinnikova, O. (2020). Theoretical aspects of human capital influence on regional development. E3S Web of Conferences 217, 07017. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021707017
Lengyel, I. (2000). A regionális versenyképességről (On Regional Competitiveness). Közgazdasági
Szemle, 12, 962-987
Lukovics, M. (2009). Measuring Regional Disparities on Competitiveness Basis. In Bajmócy, Z. & Lengyel, I. (eds), Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Environment. JATEPress, Szeged, 39-53.
OECD. (2023). Regional Competitiveness. https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regionaldevelopment/regionalcompetitiveness.
htm
Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS) 2023 [database]. European Commission. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/statistics/performance-indicators/regional-innovation-scoreboard_en
Saleh, H., Surya, B., Ahmad, D. N. A., & Manda, D. (2020). The Role of Natural and Human Resources on Economic Growth and Regional Development: With Discussion of Open Innovation Dynamics. Journal of Open Innovation, Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4),
103; https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040103
REFERENCES
Affandi, Y., Anugrah, D. F., & Bary, P. (2019). Human capital and economic growth across regions: a case study in Indonesia. Eurasian Economic Review, 9(3), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-018-0114-4
Balakrishnan, R., Ebeke, C., Malacrino, D., Rabier, L., & Firat, M. (2022). Regional Disparities in Europe. IMF Working Papers, 2022(198), 1 https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400219184.001
Dijkstra, L., Papadimitriou, E., Cabeza Martinez, B., de Dominicis, L., & Kovacic, M. (2023). EU Regional Competitiveness Index 2.0. 2022 edition. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/work/rci_2022/eu-rci2_0-2022_en.pdf
Dziembała, M. (2021). The Enhancement of Sustainable Competitiveness of the CEE Regions at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic Instability. Sustainability, 13(23), 12958; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312958
EU Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) 2.0 – 2022 edition [database]. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/assets/regional-competitiveness/index.html#/
Faggian, A., & McCann, P. (2009). Human capital and regional development. In: Capello, E. & Nijkamp, P. (eds). Handbook of Regional Growth and Development Theories. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK - Northampton, MA, USA. Chapter 8. 133-151. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848445987.00015
Gennaioli, N., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Human Capital and Regional Development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 105–164. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs050
Golejewska, A. (2013a). Human Capital and Regional Growth Perspective. Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy, 11(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.56583/br.1134
Golejewska, A. (2013b). Competitiveness, Innovation, and Regional Development. The Case of the Visegrad Group Countries. Gospodarka Narodowa, 265(7–8), 87–112. https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/100953
Hudecz, G., Moshammer, E., & Wieser, T. (2020). Regional disparities in Europe: should we be concerned? European Stability Mechanism, Discussion Paper/13. https://www.esm.europa.eu/system/files/document/2021-08/2021_08_20_ESM_DP13_0.pdf
Jašková, D., & Havierniková, K. (2020). The human resources as an important factor of regional development. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(3), 1464-1478
Kokuytseva, T., & Ovchinnikova, O. (2020). Theoretical aspects of human capital influence on regional development. E3S Web of Conferences 217, 07017. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021707017
Lengyel, I. (2000). A regionális versenyképességről (On Regional Competitiveness). Közgazdasági
Szemle, 12, 962-987
Lukovics, M. (2009). Measuring Regional Disparities on Competitiveness Basis. In Bajmócy, Z. & Lengyel, I. (eds), Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Environment. JATEPress, Szeged, 39-53.
OECD. (2023). Regional Competitiveness. https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regionaldevelopment/regionalcompetitiveness.
htm
Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS) 2023 [database]. European Commission. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/statistics/performance-indicators/regional-innovation-scoreboard_en
Saleh, H., Surya, B., Ahmad, D. N. A., & Manda, D. (2020). The Role of Natural and Human Resources on Economic Growth and Regional Development: With Discussion of Open Innovation Dynamics. Journal of Open Innovation, Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4),
103; https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040103
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