Understanding the Dynamics and Impact of Dark Tourism
Anton Vorina - ERUDIO School of Sustainable Tourism, Litostrojska 40, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Tinkara Pokorny - ERUDIO School of Sustainable Tourism, Litostrojska 40, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Tina Vorina - Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
Tamara Klicek - International Program on Urban Governance at National Taipei University, Taiwan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2023-2024.233
Anton Vorina - ERUDIO School of Sustainable Tourism, Litostrojska 40, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Tinkara Pokorny - ERUDIO School of Sustainable Tourism, Litostrojska 40, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Tina Vorina - Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
Tamara Klicek - International Program on Urban Governance at National Taipei University, Taiwan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2023-2024.233
8th International Thematic Monograph - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, Belgrade, 2023/2024, Published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans in cooperation with the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia; ISSN 2683-5673, ISBN 978-86-80194-81-3 ; Editors: Vuk Bevanda, associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Snežana Štetić, full time professor, The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia, Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade
Abstract: Purpose: This article explores the growing trend of dark tourism by investigating its underlying motivations and potential future directions. Through a comprehensive analysis, it uncovers the increasing popularity of this niche among diverse generations, shedding light on how destinations marked by tumultuous histories captivate tourists seeking to engage with the past.
Aim: Our research focuses on three key areas: defining the core concept of dark tourism, evaluating its potential as a transformative force in the tourism industry, and crafting an idealized profile of a dark tourist.
Methodology: This study employs a comprehensive literature review using sources from 2020 to 2023, accessed through Google Scholar and other academic databases. A total of 25 sources were consulted to ensure a thorough understanding of the topic.
Ethical Issues: The ethical considerations of dark tourism include the desensitization and trivialization of historical tragedies, the potential exploitation and over-commercialization of sensitive sites, and the importance of maintaining the authenticity and integrity of dark destinations.
Findings: The results provide a comprehensive overview of dark tourism and its potential impact on the future of the tourism industry. Recommendations are offered on how destinations can responsibly attract and cater to dark tourists, ensuring that their visits are both meaningful and respectful of the historical contexts.
Keywords: Dark tourism; Traveling; Dark tourists; Tourism of the future
REFERENCES
A. K. (2021, September 1). Temni turizem: mesta genocida, katastrof, nesreč in smrti. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.moskisvet.com/potovanja/svet/temni-turizem-mesta-genocida-katastrof-nesrec-in-smrti.html
Bandur, S. (2022). Blišč pogorišč pritegnil številne pohodnike in kolesarje. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.delo.si/magazin/potovanja/blisc-kraskih-pogorisc
Cherry, K. (2023, May 3). Motivation: The driving force behind our actions. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-motivation-2795378
Chew, B., & Hatley, E. (2022). The potential of toxic tourists: Indigenous perspectives on crises, relationships, justice, and resurgence in Oklahoma Indian Country. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(8), 1-22. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://muzeumet-berat.al/ en/ethnographic-museum/
Friedman, A. (2023, November 11). 30 dark tourism destinations and how to visit. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://wheretheroadforks.com/dark-tourism-destinations/
Iliev, D. (2020, February 5). Consumption, motivation and experience in dark tourism: a conceptual and critical analysis. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.tandfonline. com/doi/full/10.1080/14616688.2020.1722215
Jovanović, T., Mijatov, M., & Šuligoj, M. (2021, December 17). Does a visitor of dark tourism have a dark personallity? A study of potential visitors of dark tourism sites of Serbia. Primenjena Psihologija. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://primenjena.psihologija. ff.uns.ac.rs/index.php/pp/article/view/2360
Kandhari, A. (2021, June 6). 6 reasons why people pursue dark tourism. Retrieved December 7, 2024, from 6 Reasons Why People Pursue Dark Tourism | Planning Tank
Kastelic, Ž. (2020, July 7). Kaj je temni turizem in kako spreminja naša potovanja? Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://www.student.si/trip/destinacije/kaj-je-temni-turizem-in-kako-spreminja-nasa-potovanja/?cn-reloaded=1
Khaydarova, L., & Joanna, I. (2022). Dark tourism: Understanding the concept and the demand of new experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing&Management review. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://gejournal.net/index.php/APJMMR/article/view/200/174
Kuhar, N. (2020, November 1). Temačni Turizem zanimiv za vse generacije turistov. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from Temačni turizem zanimiv za vse generacije turistov - RTV SLO
Lacanienta, E., Hill, F., & Jiang, J. (2020, March 16). Provocation and related subjective experiences along the dark tourism spectrum. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from: https://www. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1739055
Lamberšek, E. (2020). Motivi za obisk destinacij temačnega turizma v državah bivše Jugoslavije. Retrieved December 11, 2023, from: http://www.cek.ef.uni-lj.si/magister/lambersek4114-B.pdf
Lewis, H., Schrier, T., & Xu, S. (2022). Dark tourism: motivations and visit intentions of tourists. International Hospitality Review, 36(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1108/ihr-01-2021-0004
Magano, J., Fraiz-Brea, J. A., & Leite, Â. (2022). Dark Tourists: Profile, Practices, Motivations and Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912100
Oman, A. (2020, January 10). Temačni turizem: potovanje v kraje, povezane s trpljenjem in smrtjo. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.metropolitan.si/scena/temacni-turizem/
Oman, A. (2023, October 10). Temni turizem v Sloveniji: To so top 4 srhljive destinacije pri nas. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.vandraj.si/t/temacni-turizem/
Photo maker UI. (2023). Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.bing.com/images/ create/dark-tourist/1-659fe091fa074b1f821380bae8c0896c?FORM=GUH2CR
Raušl, K. (2020). Vključevanje temačne dediščine v sodobno turistično ponudbo mestne občine Maribor. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id= 146356&lang=slv
Shah, R. (2022). Dark tourism market overview (2022 to 2032). Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/dark-tourism-sector-overview
Stainton, H. (2023, September 1). What is dark tourism and why is so popular? Retrieved January 7, 2024, from: https://tourismteacher.com/dark-tourism/
Statista. (2023, January 17). Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/ statistics/1231428/number-of-tourists-in-chernobyl-exclusion-zone/
S. T. P. (2020, June 7). Ni več Černobil, to je nova destinacija za črni Turizem. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.zurnal24.si/popotnik/ni-vec-cernobil-to-je-nova-destinacija-za-crni-turizem-347902
Verbič, A. (2023). Motivi mladih uporabnikov družabnih omrežij za obisk temačnih turističnih atrakcij. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://repozitorij.upr.si/Dokument. php?id=28000&lang=eng
Woolf, M. (2023, July 7). The Rise of Dark Tourism. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https:// passport-photo.online/blog/rise-of-dark-tourism/#gref
Aim: Our research focuses on three key areas: defining the core concept of dark tourism, evaluating its potential as a transformative force in the tourism industry, and crafting an idealized profile of a dark tourist.
Methodology: This study employs a comprehensive literature review using sources from 2020 to 2023, accessed through Google Scholar and other academic databases. A total of 25 sources were consulted to ensure a thorough understanding of the topic.
Ethical Issues: The ethical considerations of dark tourism include the desensitization and trivialization of historical tragedies, the potential exploitation and over-commercialization of sensitive sites, and the importance of maintaining the authenticity and integrity of dark destinations.
Findings: The results provide a comprehensive overview of dark tourism and its potential impact on the future of the tourism industry. Recommendations are offered on how destinations can responsibly attract and cater to dark tourists, ensuring that their visits are both meaningful and respectful of the historical contexts.
Keywords: Dark tourism; Traveling; Dark tourists; Tourism of the future
REFERENCES
A. K. (2021, September 1). Temni turizem: mesta genocida, katastrof, nesreč in smrti. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.moskisvet.com/potovanja/svet/temni-turizem-mesta-genocida-katastrof-nesrec-in-smrti.html
Bandur, S. (2022). Blišč pogorišč pritegnil številne pohodnike in kolesarje. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.delo.si/magazin/potovanja/blisc-kraskih-pogorisc
Cherry, K. (2023, May 3). Motivation: The driving force behind our actions. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-motivation-2795378
Chew, B., & Hatley, E. (2022). The potential of toxic tourists: Indigenous perspectives on crises, relationships, justice, and resurgence in Oklahoma Indian Country. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(8), 1-22. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://muzeumet-berat.al/ en/ethnographic-museum/
Friedman, A. (2023, November 11). 30 dark tourism destinations and how to visit. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://wheretheroadforks.com/dark-tourism-destinations/
Iliev, D. (2020, February 5). Consumption, motivation and experience in dark tourism: a conceptual and critical analysis. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.tandfonline. com/doi/full/10.1080/14616688.2020.1722215
Jovanović, T., Mijatov, M., & Šuligoj, M. (2021, December 17). Does a visitor of dark tourism have a dark personallity? A study of potential visitors of dark tourism sites of Serbia. Primenjena Psihologija. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://primenjena.psihologija. ff.uns.ac.rs/index.php/pp/article/view/2360
Kandhari, A. (2021, June 6). 6 reasons why people pursue dark tourism. Retrieved December 7, 2024, from 6 Reasons Why People Pursue Dark Tourism | Planning Tank
Kastelic, Ž. (2020, July 7). Kaj je temni turizem in kako spreminja naša potovanja? Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://www.student.si/trip/destinacije/kaj-je-temni-turizem-in-kako-spreminja-nasa-potovanja/?cn-reloaded=1
Khaydarova, L., & Joanna, I. (2022). Dark tourism: Understanding the concept and the demand of new experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing&Management review. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://gejournal.net/index.php/APJMMR/article/view/200/174
Kuhar, N. (2020, November 1). Temačni Turizem zanimiv za vse generacije turistov. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from Temačni turizem zanimiv za vse generacije turistov - RTV SLO
Lacanienta, E., Hill, F., & Jiang, J. (2020, March 16). Provocation and related subjective experiences along the dark tourism spectrum. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from: https://www. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1739055
Lamberšek, E. (2020). Motivi za obisk destinacij temačnega turizma v državah bivše Jugoslavije. Retrieved December 11, 2023, from: http://www.cek.ef.uni-lj.si/magister/lambersek4114-B.pdf
Lewis, H., Schrier, T., & Xu, S. (2022). Dark tourism: motivations and visit intentions of tourists. International Hospitality Review, 36(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1108/ihr-01-2021-0004
Magano, J., Fraiz-Brea, J. A., & Leite, Â. (2022). Dark Tourists: Profile, Practices, Motivations and Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912100
Oman, A. (2020, January 10). Temačni turizem: potovanje v kraje, povezane s trpljenjem in smrtjo. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.metropolitan.si/scena/temacni-turizem/
Oman, A. (2023, October 10). Temni turizem v Sloveniji: To so top 4 srhljive destinacije pri nas. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.vandraj.si/t/temacni-turizem/
Photo maker UI. (2023). Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.bing.com/images/ create/dark-tourist/1-659fe091fa074b1f821380bae8c0896c?FORM=GUH2CR
Raušl, K. (2020). Vključevanje temačne dediščine v sodobno turistično ponudbo mestne občine Maribor. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id= 146356&lang=slv
Shah, R. (2022). Dark tourism market overview (2022 to 2032). Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/dark-tourism-sector-overview
Stainton, H. (2023, September 1). What is dark tourism and why is so popular? Retrieved January 7, 2024, from: https://tourismteacher.com/dark-tourism/
Statista. (2023, January 17). Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/ statistics/1231428/number-of-tourists-in-chernobyl-exclusion-zone/
S. T. P. (2020, June 7). Ni več Černobil, to je nova destinacija za črni Turizem. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.zurnal24.si/popotnik/ni-vec-cernobil-to-je-nova-destinacija-za-crni-turizem-347902
Verbič, A. (2023). Motivi mladih uporabnikov družabnih omrežij za obisk temačnih turističnih atrakcij. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://repozitorij.upr.si/Dokument. php?id=28000&lang=eng
Woolf, M. (2023, July 7). The Rise of Dark Tourism. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https:// passport-photo.online/blog/rise-of-dark-tourism/#gref
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