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FACTORS AFFECTING THE NUMBER OF VISITS OF ZOOS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Markéta Kalábová University of Economics, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 1938/4, 130 67 Prague 3, Czech Republic Lukáš Nekolný Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic Linda Machová University of Economics, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 1938/4, 130 67 Prague 3, Czech Republic Zdenka Petrů University of Economics, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 1938/4, 130 67 Prague 3, Czech Republic DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2019.603 4th International Thematic Monograph - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, Belgrade, 2019, Published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans in cooperation with the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia; ISSN 2683-5673, ISBN 978-86-80194-29-5; Editors: Vuk Bevanda, associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Snežana Štetić, full time professor, The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia, Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade
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Abstract: Zoological gardens represent a very important part of tourism. The main aim of this contribution is to find out which factors have significant impact on number of visits in zoos in the Czech Republic. The scripting language R was used for statistical evaluation. After statistical evaluation using the Spearman correlation coefficient, it was found that the factors related to the number of zoo visits are the level of own income adjusted for admission, which was evaluated for a very strong correlation rate, i.e. Spearman correlation coefficient 0.92 and p-value (after Holm correction) 7·10-9, and the amount of adult admission with a slightly lower correlation rate, i.e. 0.69 and p-value 0.03. Other analysed factors, i.e. the size of the exposition part of the zoo (Spearman 0.58, p-value 0.11), the total number of species kept in the zoo (Spearman 0.44, p-value 0.31), the amount of public subsidies provided to the zoo (Spearman 0.54, p-value 0.16), the number of inhabitants in the region (Spearman -0.19, p-value 0.8) and the number of tourists in the region (Spearman 0.23, p-value 0.8) in which the zoo is located have no significant impact on attendance. Keywords: zoological gardens, attendance, wildlife tourism, tourism, Czech Republic. REFERENCES Baratay, E., Hardouin-Fugier, E. [translated by Oliver Welsh] (2004). ZOO: a history of zoological gardens in the West. Pbk. ed. London: Reaktion books. Carr, N. (2009). Animals in the tourism and leisure experience. Current Issues in Tourism, 12(5-6), 409–411. Carr, N. (2016). An analysis of zoo visitors’ favourite and least favourite animals. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20(1), 70–76. Czech Statistical Office [ČSÚ] (2016). Návštěvnost HUZ podle kategorie-územní srovnání – období: 2016. R etrieved F ebruary 4 , 2 019 f rom: h ttps://vdb.czso. cz/vdbvo2/faces/cs/index.jsf ?page=vystup-objekt&z=T&f=TABULKA&katalog= 31743&pvo=CRUD002&c=v3~8__RP2016&v=v90__KAT__154__1 Czech Statistical Office [ČSÚ] (2016). Počet obyvatel v regionech soudržnosti, krajích a okresech České republiky – období: 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2019 from: https://www. czso.cz/documents/10180/32853387/1300721601.xlsx/42a23540-2943-4269-a537-34a11ff3e379? version=1.0 Davey, G. (2007). An analysis of country, socio-economic and time factors on worldwide zoo attendance during a 40 year period. International Zoo Yearbook, 41, 217–225. Detroit Zoo boosts local economy with impact of $100 million (2014). Michigan Chronicle, 77(29), 1 - A.5. European Federation for Hunting and Conservation. (2004). Hunting abroad – position paper of FACE. Retrieved March 03, 2019 from: www.face.eu/sites/default/files/documents/english/ position_paper_hunttour_-_en.pdf Frost, W. (2011). Zoos and Tourism: Conservation, Education, Entertainment?. Buffalo: Channel View Publications, Aspects of tourism. Habel, A., Mroczkowski, S. (2015). Cele i zadania ogrodow zoologicznych (The objectives and tasks of zoos). Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 5(8), 521–528. Higginbottom, K. (2004). Wildlife tourism: impacts, management and planning. Retrieved January 31, 2019 from: http://sustain.pata.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/WildlifeTourism- impacts.pdf Hoage, R. J., Deiss, W. A. (1996). New worlds, new animals: from menagerie to zoological park in the nineteenth century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Hosey, G., Melfi, V., Pankhurst, S. (2013). Zoo Animals: Behaviour, Management, and Welfare. Oxford: OUP Oxford. Howell, J. T., Mcleod, E. M., & G. J. Coleman (2019). When zoo visitors “connect” with a zoo animal, what does that mean? Zoo Biology, 38(6), 461–470. Kalábová, M. (2019). Economic impact of inbound hunting tourism in the Czech Republic. Studia Turistica, 10(2), 41–47. Kušen, E. (2010). A system of tourism attractions. Tourism – An international Interdisciplinary Journal, 58(4), 409–424. Mason, P. (1999). Zoo as heritage tourism attractions: A neglected area of research? International Journal of Heritage Studies, 5(3-4), 193–202. Mason, P. (2000). Zoo Tourism: The Need for More Research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(4), 333–339. Mooney, A., Conde, D. A., Healy, K., & Buckley, Y. M. (2020). A system wide approach to managing zoo collections for visitor attendance and in situ conservation. Nature Communications, 11, 584. Morris, D. (1961). An analysis of animal popularity. International Zoo Yearbook, 2, 60–61. Moss, A., & Esson, M. (2010). Visitor Interest in Zoo Animals and the Implications for Collection Planning and Zoo Education Programmes. Zoo Biology, 29(6), 715–731. Nekolný, L., Fialová, D. (2018a): The issues in methodology and data interpretation in studies of tourist attractions’ attendance: annual passes. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geographica, 53(2), 167–179. Nekolný, L., Fialová, D. (2018b). Zoo Tourism: What Actually Is a Zoo? Czech Journal of Tourism, 7(2), 153–166. Newsome, D. (2005). Wildlife tourism. Clevedon. Shackley, M. (1996). Wildlife Tourism. London: Thomson Learning. Sheridan, A. (2016). Europas Zoo unter der Lupe: Sheridans Handbuch der Zoos in Europa. Münster: Schüling, K. (Verlag). Skibins, J. C., Dunstan, E. & K. Pahlow (2017). Exploring the Influence of Charismatic Characteristics on Flagship Outcomes in Zoo Visitors. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. 1–15. Smith, L. (2013). Visitors or Visits? An Examination of Zoo Visitor Numbers Using the Case Study of Australia. Zoo Biology, 32(1), 37–44. Turley, S. K. (2001). Children and the demand for recreational experiences: the case of zoos. Leisure Studies, 20(1), 1–18. Zoo has significant economic impact. (2004). Toledo Business Journal, 20(5), 55. Retrieved June 07, 2019 from: https://search-proquest-com.zdroje.vse.cz/docview/195159054?accountid= 17203 UCSZOO (2017). ZOO Stanovy. UCSZOO (2018) Výroční zpráva (annual report) UCSZOO. Retrieved June 12, 2019 from: http://www.zoo.cz/media/files/zoo_vyrocni_zprava_2017_web.pdf UCSZOO (2017). Výroční zpráva (annual report) UCSZOO. Retrieved June 12, 2019 from: http://www.zoo.cz/media/files/vyrocni-zprava-ucszoo_2016.pdf Whitworth, A. W., Clifton, J. (2012). An Investigation into the Determining Factors of Zoo Visitor Attendances in UK Zoos. PLoS ONE 7(1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029839. World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Members. Retrieved June 12, 2019 from: https:// www.dropbox.com/s/bksz7wxa6xdlcdw/WAZA_Member_2019.pdf?dl=0 Zákon č. 162/2003 Sb., o podmínkách provozování zoologických zahrad a o změně některých zákonů (zákon o zoologických zahradách). In: Sbírka zákonů. 2003, částka 61. ISSN 1211- 1244. 
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