Analysis of Tourism Demand in Selected WB Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Milena Lazić - Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Zmaj Jovina 12, Serbia
Aleksandra Bradić-Martinović - Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Zmaj Jovina 12, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2021-2022.51
Milena Lazić - Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Zmaj Jovina 12, Serbia
Aleksandra Bradić-Martinović - Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Zmaj Jovina 12, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2021-2022.51
6th International Thematic Monograph - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, Belgrade, 2021/2022, Published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans in cooperation with the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia; ISSN 2683-5673, ISBN 978-86-80194-49-3; Editors: Vuk Bevanda, associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Snežana Štetić, full time professor, The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia, Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade
Abstract: The subject of this chapter is tourism demand-side investigation in the following Western Balkans (WB) countries - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia during the period 2019 M1 – 2021 M6. The chapter addresses the changing structure of tourism demand with the increased share of domestic visitors in all observed WB economies. Furthermore, the ongoing health crisis has emphasized the fundamental problems of tourism sectors in observed WB economies: very high seasonality and insufficient attractiveness of certain types of destinations. Improving the attractiveness of destinations (especially cities) for domestic guests through the development of modern tourism products, implementation of advanced ICT solutions, and customized marketing and promotional activities has the potential to improve the structure of guests and consequently mitigate the sector’s resistance to similar shocks in the future.
Keywords: Tourism; COVID-19; WB Countries; Demand
REFERENCES
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Bahtić, S. (2015). Tourism and its Importance for Economic development of B&H. Univerzitetska hronika, 14, 135-143.
Bank of England (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on businesses’ expectations: Evidence from the Decision Maker Panel. Quarterly Bulletin - Q3/2020.
Bausch, T., Gartner, W.C. & Ortanderl, F. (2020). How to avoid a COVID-19 research paper tsunami? A tourism system approach. Journal of Travel Research. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 467-485. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520972805.
Bradić-Martinović, A., Miletić, B. (2018). Odgovorni i održivi razvoj turizma u Srbiji: eko-turistički park Palić. Ecologica, 25(92). 777-781. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1321/.
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Calderón M.M., Esquivel, K.Ch., Garcia, M.M.A. & Lozano, C.B. (2021). Tourist behaviour and dynamics of domestic tourism in times of COVID-19, Current Issues in Tourism, 1-5. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1947993.
Chamber Investment Forum Western Balkans 6, (2020), Studies on obstacles and opportunities for doing business in the region, Study no,1 Prospects for Travelling and Tourism Sector in the Western Balkans in 2020 (impact of the coronavirus pandemic), Available at: https://www,wb6cif,eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WB6-CIF-Study-Prospects-for-Travelling-and-Tourism- Sector-in-the-Western-Balkans-in-2020,pdf. Accessed: 9/20/2021.
Chroneos Krasavac, B., Radosavljević, K., Bradić-Martinović, A. (2018) Swot Analysis of the Rural Tourism as a Channel of Marketing for Agricultural Products in Serbia. Economics of Agriculture, 65(2). 1573-1584. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1271/.
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Duro, J.A., Perez-Laborda, A. Turrion-Prats, J. & Fernandez-Fernandez, M. (2021). Covid-19 and tourism vulnerability. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tmp.2021.100819.
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Haddad, E.A., Porsse, A.A., Rabahy, W. (2013). Domestic Tourism and Regional Inequality in Brazil. Tourism Economics, 19(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0185.
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Hang, H., Aroean, L. & Chenc, Z. (2020). Building emotional attachment during COVID-19. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 103006. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2020.103006.
Hussain, A. & Fuste-Forne, F. (2021). Post-Pandemic Recovery: A Case of Domestic Tourism in Akaroa (South Island, New Zealand). World, 2(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.3390/world2010009.
Kaličanin, T. & Lazić, M. (2018). Evaluating the Level of Market Concentration in Insurance Sector: the case of Serbia. In: Western Balkans Economies in EU Integration: past, present and future (202-221), Publisher: CEMAFI International, Nice, France. ISBN - 979-10-96557-18-9.
Kapiki, S. (2012). The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism and Hospitality: Results from a Study in Greece. Central European Review of Economics and Finance, 2(1), 19-30. https://ssrn.com/ abstract=2150604.
Kovachevski, D., Hristova, S., Tomovska Misoska, A. (2019) Change Management in Tourism: The Case of North Macedonia. Sarajevo Business and Economic Review, 37, 76-89. doi:10.2478/ cjot-2019-0001.
Leon, C.J., Lam-Gonzales, Y.E., Galindo, C.G. & Hernandez, M.M.G. (2020). Measuring the Impact of Infectious Diseases on Tourists’ Willingness to Pay to Visit Island Destinations. Atmosphere, 11, 1-13, doi:10.3390/atmos11101117.
Li, X.R., Cheng, Ch-K., Kim, H. & Petrick, J. (2008). A systematic comparison of first-time and repeat visitors via a two-phase online survey. Tourism Management, 29(2), 278-293. doi:10.1016/j. tourman.2007.03.010.
Lončar, D., Đorđević, A., Lazić, M., Milošević, S. & Rajić, V. (2016). Interplay Between Market Concentration and Competitive Dynamics in The Banking Sector. Ekonomika preduzeća, 44 (5/6). 332-346. Available at: https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0353-443X/2016/0353- 443X1606332L.pdf, Accessed: 9/21/2021.
Marinovski, N., Korunovski, S. (2012). Tourism in Macedonia in Changing Environment. Procedia – Social and Behavioural Science, 44, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.001.
McKinsey (2021). COVID-19: Briefing note #72. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business, Accessed 9/20/2021.
Mihailović, B., Radić Jean, I., Popović, V., Radosavljević, K., Chroneos Krasavac, B., Bradić-Martinović, A. (2020). Farm Differentiation Strategies and Sustainable Regional Development. Sustainability, 12(17). 1-18. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1477/.
Miletić, B., Petković, G., Kovačević, I., Imbsen, C., Bradić-Martinović, A., Bradić, P., Petković, J. (2020) WB6 Tourism and Travel Industry Assessment: COVID-19 Diagnostic and Future Prospects, Final project report funded by EU through RCC - Regional Cooperation Council Secretariat initiative.
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Peštek, A., Lazović-Pita, L., Pijalović, V. (2021). The Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Tourism in Sarajevo Canton. ToSEE – Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe, 6, 607-621. https:// doi.org//10.20867/tosee.06.41.
Prayag, G. (2020). Time for Reset? Covid-19 and Tourism Resilience. Tourism Review International, 24(2-3), 2020, 179-184. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220X15926147793595.
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Keywords: Tourism; COVID-19; WB Countries; Demand
REFERENCES
Albu, C.E. (2016). Tourism and Terrorism: A Worldwide Perspective. CES Working Papers, 1-19. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/198440.
Arbulu, I., Razumova, M., Rey-Maquieira, J. & Sastre, F. (2021). Can domestic tourism relieve the COVID-19 tourist industry crisis? The case of Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100568.
Bahtić, S. (2015). Tourism and its Importance for Economic development of B&H. Univerzitetska hronika, 14, 135-143.
Bank of England (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on businesses’ expectations: Evidence from the Decision Maker Panel. Quarterly Bulletin - Q3/2020.
Bausch, T., Gartner, W.C. & Ortanderl, F. (2020). How to avoid a COVID-19 research paper tsunami? A tourism system approach. Journal of Travel Research. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 467-485. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520972805.
Bradić-Martinović, A., Miletić, B. (2018). Odgovorni i održivi razvoj turizma u Srbiji: eko-turistički park Palić. Ecologica, 25(92). 777-781. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1321/.
Bradić-Martinović, Aleksandra (2021) Tourism 4.0: Data-Driven Covid-19 Recovery. Innovative Aspects of the Development Service and Tourism. Book of proceedings of IX International scientific-practical conference (Stavropol, 22 April 2021), Part II. Stavropol. http://ebooks.ien. bg.ac.rs/1622/.
Calderón M.M., Esquivel, K.Ch., Garcia, M.M.A. & Lozano, C.B. (2021). Tourist behaviour and dynamics of domestic tourism in times of COVID-19, Current Issues in Tourism, 1-5. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1947993.
Chamber Investment Forum Western Balkans 6, (2020), Studies on obstacles and opportunities for doing business in the region, Study no,1 Prospects for Travelling and Tourism Sector in the Western Balkans in 2020 (impact of the coronavirus pandemic), Available at: https://www,wb6cif,eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WB6-CIF-Study-Prospects-for-Travelling-and-Tourism- Sector-in-the-Western-Balkans-in-2020,pdf. Accessed: 9/20/2021.
Chroneos Krasavac, B., Radosavljević, K., Bradić-Martinović, A. (2018) Swot Analysis of the Rural Tourism as a Channel of Marketing for Agricultural Products in Serbia. Economics of Agriculture, 65(2). 1573-1584. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1271/.
Cvetkoska, V & Barišić, P, (2017), The Efficiency of the Tourism Industry in the Balkans, In Proceedings of the Faculty of Economics in East Sarajevo Year 2017, 14, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.7251/ ZREFIS1714031C.
Đukić, M., Jovanoski, I., Munitlak Ivanović, O., Lazić, M. & Bodroža, D. (2016). Cost-benefit analysis of an infrastructure project and a cost-reflective tariff: A case study for investment in wastewater treatment plant in Serbia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59, 1419-1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.050.
Duro, J.A., Perez-Laborda, A. Turrion-Prats, J. & Fernandez-Fernandez, M. (2021). Covid-19 and tourism vulnerability. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tmp.2021.100819.
ETC, European Travel Commission, (2021), European Tourism: Trends and Prospects, Quarterly Report – Q4/2021.
Feridun, M. (2011). Impact of terrorism on tourism in Turkey: empirical evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics, 43, 3349-3354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036841003636268.
Freifer, R. (2021). Why 2020 was the worst year in the history of tourism. Available at: https://www. hospitalitynewsmag.com/2020-worst-year-in-tourism-history/, Accessed: 9/20/2021.
Gossling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C.M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669 582.2020.1758708.
Haddad, E.A., Porsse, A.A., Rabahy, W. (2013). Domestic Tourism and Regional Inequality in Brazil. Tourism Economics, 19(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0185.
Hamilton, J.M., Maddison, D.J. & Tol, R.S.J. (2005). Effects of climate change on international tourism. Climate Research, 29, 245–254. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr029245.
Hang, H., Aroean, L. & Chenc, Z. (2020). Building emotional attachment during COVID-19. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 103006. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2020.103006.
Hussain, A. & Fuste-Forne, F. (2021). Post-Pandemic Recovery: A Case of Domestic Tourism in Akaroa (South Island, New Zealand). World, 2(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.3390/world2010009.
Kaličanin, T. & Lazić, M. (2018). Evaluating the Level of Market Concentration in Insurance Sector: the case of Serbia. In: Western Balkans Economies in EU Integration: past, present and future (202-221), Publisher: CEMAFI International, Nice, France. ISBN - 979-10-96557-18-9.
Kapiki, S. (2012). The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism and Hospitality: Results from a Study in Greece. Central European Review of Economics and Finance, 2(1), 19-30. https://ssrn.com/ abstract=2150604.
Kovachevski, D., Hristova, S., Tomovska Misoska, A. (2019) Change Management in Tourism: The Case of North Macedonia. Sarajevo Business and Economic Review, 37, 76-89. doi:10.2478/ cjot-2019-0001.
Leon, C.J., Lam-Gonzales, Y.E., Galindo, C.G. & Hernandez, M.M.G. (2020). Measuring the Impact of Infectious Diseases on Tourists’ Willingness to Pay to Visit Island Destinations. Atmosphere, 11, 1-13, doi:10.3390/atmos11101117.
Li, X.R., Cheng, Ch-K., Kim, H. & Petrick, J. (2008). A systematic comparison of first-time and repeat visitors via a two-phase online survey. Tourism Management, 29(2), 278-293. doi:10.1016/j. tourman.2007.03.010.
Lončar, D., Đorđević, A., Lazić, M., Milošević, S. & Rajić, V. (2016). Interplay Between Market Concentration and Competitive Dynamics in The Banking Sector. Ekonomika preduzeća, 44 (5/6). 332-346. Available at: https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0353-443X/2016/0353- 443X1606332L.pdf, Accessed: 9/21/2021.
Marinovski, N., Korunovski, S. (2012). Tourism in Macedonia in Changing Environment. Procedia – Social and Behavioural Science, 44, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.001.
McKinsey (2021). COVID-19: Briefing note #72. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business, Accessed 9/20/2021.
Mihailović, B., Radić Jean, I., Popović, V., Radosavljević, K., Chroneos Krasavac, B., Bradić-Martinović, A. (2020). Farm Differentiation Strategies and Sustainable Regional Development. Sustainability, 12(17). 1-18. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1477/.
Miletić, B., Petković, G., Kovačević, I., Imbsen, C., Bradić-Martinović, A., Bradić, P., Petković, J. (2020) WB6 Tourism and Travel Industry Assessment: COVID-19 Diagnostic and Future Prospects, Final project report funded by EU through RCC - Regional Cooperation Council Secretariat initiative.
Ministry of tourism and environment protection of Montenegro (2008). Tourism Development Strategy in Montenegro by 2020. Available at: https://wapi.gov.me/download-preview/b6dc2ef4- ecee-4efd-96dd-8da1f9139a42?version=1.0, Accessed 9/20/2021.
Moreno-Luna, L., Robina-Ramirez, R., Sanchez-Oro Sanchez, M. & Castro-Serrano, J. (2021). Tourism and Sustainability in Times of COVID-19: The Case of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041859.
Nardi, V.A.M., Teixeira, R., Ladeira, W.J. & de Oliveira Santini, F. (2020). A meta-analytic review of food safety risk perception. Food Control, 112, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foodcont.2020.107089.
Nientied, P. & Shutina, D. (2020). Tourism in Transition, the Post COVID-19 Aftermath in the Western Balkans. Annual Review of Territorial Governance in the Western Balkans, II, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.32034/CP-TGWBAR-I02-04.
Novčić Korać, B., Bradić-Martinović, A., Miletić, B. (2020) Constructing a Nation Branding Model – the Case of Serbia. Geographica Pannonica, 24(4). 311-324. http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1532/.
OECD (2021). Western Balkans Regular Economic Report: Fall 2021. No. 20. Available at: https:// www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca/publication/western-balkans-regular-economic-report. Accessed: 3/7/2022.
Opute A.P., Irene B.O. & Iwu C.G. (2020). Tourism Service and Digital Technologies: A Value Creation Perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(2), 1-18. Available at: https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_5_vol_9_2__2020_germany.pdf, Accessed: 9/21/2021.
Palomino, J., Rodriguez, J. & Sebastian, R. (2020). Wage inequality and poverty effects of lockdown and social distancing in Europe. European Economic Review, 129, 103564. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103564.
Peštek, A., Lazović-Pita, L., Pijalović, V. (2021). The Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Tourism in Sarajevo Canton. ToSEE – Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe, 6, 607-621. https:// doi.org//10.20867/tosee.06.41.
Prayag, G. (2020). Time for Reset? Covid-19 and Tourism Resilience. Tourism Review International, 24(2-3), 2020, 179-184. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220X15926147793595.
Ritchie, B.W. & Jiang, Y. (2019). A review of research on tourism risk, crisis and disaster management: Launching the annals of tourism research curated collection on tourism risk, crisis and disaster management. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annals.2019.102812.
Rogerson, C.M & Rogerson, J.M. (2021). COVID-19 and Changing Tourism Demand: Research Review and Policy Implications for South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-83.
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Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans
- UdEkoM Balkan -
179 Ustanicka St, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
E-mail: office@udekom.org.rs
www.udekom.org.rs
- UdEkoM Balkan -
179 Ustanicka St, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
E-mail: office@udekom.org.rs
www.udekom.org.rs
Tel. +381 62 812 5779
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Registration number.: 28157347