Social Entrepreneurial Intention Factors of Tourism Management Students
Sandra Milanović - Innovation Center, University of Niš, Univerzitetski trg 2, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Miljana Talić - Faculty of Economics, University of Niš, Trg kralja Aleksandra Ujedinitelja 11, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Žarko Rađenović - Innovation Center, University of Niš, Univerzitetski trg 2, 18000 Niš, S
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2021-2022.567
Sandra Milanović - Innovation Center, University of Niš, Univerzitetski trg 2, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Miljana Talić - Faculty of Economics, University of Niš, Trg kralja Aleksandra Ujedinitelja 11, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Žarko Rađenović - Innovation Center, University of Niš, Univerzitetski trg 2, 18000 Niš, S
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2021-2022.567
6th International Thematic Monograph - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, Belgrade, 2021/2022, Published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans in cooperation with the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia; ISSN 2683-5673, ISBN 978-86-80194-49-3; Editors: Vuk Bevanda, associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Snežana Štetić, full time professor, The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia, Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade
Abstract: This chapter aims to assess how humane orientation as a cultural value and prior experience in social problems (dependent variable) influence social entrepreneurial intention (SEI, independent variable) of students of tourism management. The additional antecedents of SEI, such as empathy, moral obligation, social self-efficacy, and perceived social support, were entered into the research model as mediating variables between independent and dependent variables. The research was conducted on a sample of 70 students enrolled in studies of tourism management in the Republic of Serbia. The results of single mediation regression analysis indicate that empathy and perceived social support are mediators between the dependent and independent variables, while moral obligation and perceived social support are not. Results of the study present implications both for theory and practice in the area of social entrepreneurship of university students.
Keywords: Social entrepreneurial intention; Humane orientation; Prior experience; Tourism management student
REFERENCES
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Altinay, L., Sigala, M., & Waligo, V. (2016). Social value creation through tourism enterprise. Tourism
Management, 54, 404–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.011
Aquino, R.S., Lück, M., & Schänzel, H.A. (2018). Tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable
community development: Review and conceptual framework, In T. Young, P. Stolk, & G.
McGinnis (Eds.), CAUTHE 2018: Get Smart: Paradoxes and Possibilities in Tourism, Hospitality
and Events Education and Research (pp. 369-379). Newcastle, Australia: The University
of Newcastle.
Bacq, S., & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional
issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional
Development, 23(5–6), 373–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2011.577242
Bacq, S., Hartog, C., Hoogendoorn, B., & Lepoutre, J. (2011). Social and commercial entrepreneurship:
Exploring individual and organizational characteristics. Scales Research Reports, EIM
Business and Policy Research, 1(1), 3-49.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological
review, 84(2), 191–215.
Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., & Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2004). Ethical theory and business. London,
UK: Pearson Education.
Boluk, K. (2011). Revealing the discourses: White entrepreneurial motivations in black South
Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 8(2), 199-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316
.2011.573922
Bornstein, D. (2004). How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Bull, M., & Ridley-Duff, R. (2018). Towards an appreciation of ethics in social enterprise business
models. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(3), 619-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3794-5
Calza, F., Cannavale, C., & Nadali, I. Z. (2020). How do cultural values influence entrepreneurial
behavior of nations? A behavioral reasoning approach. International Business Review, 29(5),
101725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101725
Chamberlain, P., Gillis, K., Prindiville, T., Bechard., Ulhaq, M., Elson, P. R. & Hall, P. (2015).
Enterprising Change: Report of the 2015 social enterprise survey for Ontario. Toronto: The
Canadian Community Economic Development Network.
Corner, P.D., & Ho, M. (2010). How Opportunities Develop in Social Entrepreneurship. Enterp.
Theory Pract. 34, 635–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00382.x
Cvejić, S., Babović, M., & Vuković, O. (2008). Mapiranje socijalnih preduzeća u Srbiji, Beograd:
UNDP.
De Lange, D. & Dodds, R. (2017). Increasing Sustainable Tourism through Social Entrepreneurship.
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1977-2002. https://
doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0096
Ergul, M., & Johnson, C. (2011). Social entrepreneurship in the hospitality and tourism industry: An
exploratory approach. Consortium Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 16(2), 40–46.
Ernst, K. (2011). Heart over mind–An empirical analysis of social entrepreneurial intention formation
on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour. Unpublished dissertation, University
Wuppertal
European Commission. (2011). The Communication on the Social Business Initiative (SBI). https://
ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/14583/attachments/3/translations/en/renditions/pdf
Fischer, J. (2004). Social Responsibility and Ethics: Clarifying the Concepts. Journal of Business
Ethics, 52(4), 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-2545-y
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W., & Xavier, A. (2020). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention
among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,
32(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2018.1551459
George, M. (2013). Social entrepreneurship: Creating positive impacts on society and the environment.
Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, 1-14.
Harding, R., & Cowling, M. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship Monitor. London: London Business
School.
Haugh, H. (2007). Community-led social venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,
31(2), 161-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00168.x
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A
regression-based approach. New York: Guilford publications.
Hockerts, K. (2015). Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership,
and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, California:
Sage publications.
Ivanović-Đukić, M., Petrović Ranđelović, M. & Talić, M. (2020). An Analysis of Factors Influencing
the Development of Social Enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The European Journal
of Applied Economics, 17(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5937/EJAE17-27375
Kautonen, T., Luoto, S., & Tornikoski, E.T. (2010). Influence of work history on entrepreneurial
intentions in “prime age” and “third age”: A preliminary study. International Small Business
Journal, 28(6), 583–601.
Korte, R., Smith, K., & Li, C. (2018). The role of empathy in entrepreneurship: A core competency
of the entrepreneurial mindset. Advances in Engineering Education, 7(1), 1–10.
Krstić, G., Aleksić-Mirić, A., & Žarković-Rakić, J. (2017). Profile of social entrepreneur in Serbia:
Motivation and socio-demographic characteristics. Sociologija, 59(1), 62-80. https://doi.
org/10.2298/SOC1701062K
Leahy, G. & Villeneuve-Smith, F. (2009). State of Social Enterprise Survey. London: Social Enterprise
Coalition
Lepoutre, J., Justo, R., Terjesen, S., & Bosma, N. (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology
for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
social entrepreneurship study. Small Business Economics, 40(3), 693-714. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11187-011-9398-4
Mair, J., & Noboa, E. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture
are formed. In Social entrepreneurship (pp. 121-135). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Matović, I. M., Pavlović, M., & Dabetić, Đ. (2020). Current State of Social Entrepreneurship in
Tourism Sector of the Republic of Serbia. Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism
Sector in Present Era, 5, 361-373. https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2020.361
Nedeljković-Knežević, M., & Pavluković, V. (2020). The influence of GLOBE culture dimensions
on entrepreneurial orientation in tourism and medical service sectors in Serbia. Geographica
Pannonica, 24(2), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.5937/gp24-24303
Newbert, S. L., & Hill, R. P. (2014). Setting the stage for paradigm development: A ‘small-tent’
approach to social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 243–269.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2014.889738
Nguyen, A. T., Do, T. H. H., Vu, T. B. T., Dang, K. A., & Nguyen, H. L. (2019). Factors affecting entrepreneurial
intentions among youths in Vietnam. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 186-
193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.039
Nicolás, C., Rubio, A., & Fernandez-Laviada, A. (2018). Cognitive Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship:
Variations According to the Degree of Economic Development. J. Soc. Enterp. 9, 154–
168. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1452280
OECD (1999). Social Enterprises. Paris: OECD.
Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. The
Columbia Journal of World Business, 41(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.007
Pollock, A. (2016). Social Entrepreneurship in Tourism. The Conscious Travel Approach.
TIPSE Tourism. http://www.conscious.travel/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Conscious-Tourism-
TIPSE-2016-1.pdf
Porter, B. A., Orams, M. B., & Lück, M. (2018). Sustainable entrepreneurship tourism: An alternative
development approach for remote coastal communities where awareness of tourism is low. Tourism
Planning & Development, 15(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2017.1312507
Preston, S. D., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Grabowski, T. J., Stansfield, R. B., Mehta, S., & Damasio,
A. R. (2007). The neural substrates of cognitive empathy. Social neuroscience, 2(3-4), 254-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470910701376902
Rieger, V., Gründler, A., Winkler, H. J., Tschauner, B., & Engelen, A. (2021). A cross-national perspective
of compassion’s role in driving social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of International
Management, 27(1), 100824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100824
Sharir, M., & Lerner, M. (2006). Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social
entrepreneurs. Journal of world business, 41(1), 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.004
Sheldon, P., Pollock, A., & Daniele, R. (2017). Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Setting the stage.
In P. J. Sheldon & R. Daniele (Eds.), Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Philosophy and practice
(pp. 1–18). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Sloan, P., Legrand, W., & Simons-Kaufmann, C. (2014). A survey of social entrepreneurial community-
based hospitality and tourism initiatives in developing economies: A new business approach
for industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/doi:10.1108/
WHATT-11-2013-0045
Spear, R., Aiken, M., Noya, A., & Clarence, E. (2013). Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise
creation in the Republic of Serbia. OECD Local Economic and Employment Development
(LEED) Working Papers, 2013/12, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k3xz6lswcwl-en
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, SORS. (2014). Economic Impact of Social Enterprises in
the Republic of Serbia. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
Stephan, U., & Uhlaner, L. (2010). Performance-based vs socially supportive culture: A cross-national
study of descriptive norms and entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies
41(8), 1347–1364. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.14
von der Weppen, J., & Cochrane, J. (2012). Social enterprises in tourism: An exploratory study of
operational models and success factors. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3), 497–511. https://
doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.663377
Yiu, D.W., Wan, W.P., Ng, F.W., Chen, X., & Su, J. (2014). Sentimental drivers of social entrepreneurship:
A study of China’s Guangcai (Glorious) Program. Management and Organization Review,
10(1), 55–80.
Zhao, X., Li, H. & Rauch, A. (2012). Cross-country Differences in Entrepreneurial Activity: The Role
of Cultural Practice and National Wealth. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 6(4), 447–
474. https://doi.org/10.3868/s070-001-012-0021-0
Keywords: Social entrepreneurial intention; Humane orientation; Prior experience; Tourism management student
REFERENCES
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Altinay, L., Sigala, M., & Waligo, V. (2016). Social value creation through tourism enterprise. Tourism
Management, 54, 404–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.011
Aquino, R.S., Lück, M., & Schänzel, H.A. (2018). Tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable
community development: Review and conceptual framework, In T. Young, P. Stolk, & G.
McGinnis (Eds.), CAUTHE 2018: Get Smart: Paradoxes and Possibilities in Tourism, Hospitality
and Events Education and Research (pp. 369-379). Newcastle, Australia: The University
of Newcastle.
Bacq, S., & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional
issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional
Development, 23(5–6), 373–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2011.577242
Bacq, S., Hartog, C., Hoogendoorn, B., & Lepoutre, J. (2011). Social and commercial entrepreneurship:
Exploring individual and organizational characteristics. Scales Research Reports, EIM
Business and Policy Research, 1(1), 3-49.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological
review, 84(2), 191–215.
Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., & Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2004). Ethical theory and business. London,
UK: Pearson Education.
Boluk, K. (2011). Revealing the discourses: White entrepreneurial motivations in black South
Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 8(2), 199-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316
.2011.573922
Bornstein, D. (2004). How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Bull, M., & Ridley-Duff, R. (2018). Towards an appreciation of ethics in social enterprise business
models. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(3), 619-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3794-5
Calza, F., Cannavale, C., & Nadali, I. Z. (2020). How do cultural values influence entrepreneurial
behavior of nations? A behavioral reasoning approach. International Business Review, 29(5),
101725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101725
Chamberlain, P., Gillis, K., Prindiville, T., Bechard., Ulhaq, M., Elson, P. R. & Hall, P. (2015).
Enterprising Change: Report of the 2015 social enterprise survey for Ontario. Toronto: The
Canadian Community Economic Development Network.
Corner, P.D., & Ho, M. (2010). How Opportunities Develop in Social Entrepreneurship. Enterp.
Theory Pract. 34, 635–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00382.x
Cvejić, S., Babović, M., & Vuković, O. (2008). Mapiranje socijalnih preduzeća u Srbiji, Beograd:
UNDP.
De Lange, D. & Dodds, R. (2017). Increasing Sustainable Tourism through Social Entrepreneurship.
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1977-2002. https://
doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0096
Ergul, M., & Johnson, C. (2011). Social entrepreneurship in the hospitality and tourism industry: An
exploratory approach. Consortium Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 16(2), 40–46.
Ernst, K. (2011). Heart over mind–An empirical analysis of social entrepreneurial intention formation
on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour. Unpublished dissertation, University
Wuppertal
European Commission. (2011). The Communication on the Social Business Initiative (SBI). https://
ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/14583/attachments/3/translations/en/renditions/pdf
Fischer, J. (2004). Social Responsibility and Ethics: Clarifying the Concepts. Journal of Business
Ethics, 52(4), 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-2545-y
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W., & Xavier, A. (2020). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention
among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,
32(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2018.1551459
George, M. (2013). Social entrepreneurship: Creating positive impacts on society and the environment.
Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, 1-14.
Harding, R., & Cowling, M. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship Monitor. London: London Business
School.
Haugh, H. (2007). Community-led social venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,
31(2), 161-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00168.x
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A
regression-based approach. New York: Guilford publications.
Hockerts, K. (2015). Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership,
and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, California:
Sage publications.
Ivanović-Đukić, M., Petrović Ranđelović, M. & Talić, M. (2020). An Analysis of Factors Influencing
the Development of Social Enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The European Journal
of Applied Economics, 17(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5937/EJAE17-27375
Kautonen, T., Luoto, S., & Tornikoski, E.T. (2010). Influence of work history on entrepreneurial
intentions in “prime age” and “third age”: A preliminary study. International Small Business
Journal, 28(6), 583–601.
Korte, R., Smith, K., & Li, C. (2018). The role of empathy in entrepreneurship: A core competency
of the entrepreneurial mindset. Advances in Engineering Education, 7(1), 1–10.
Krstić, G., Aleksić-Mirić, A., & Žarković-Rakić, J. (2017). Profile of social entrepreneur in Serbia:
Motivation and socio-demographic characteristics. Sociologija, 59(1), 62-80. https://doi.
org/10.2298/SOC1701062K
Leahy, G. & Villeneuve-Smith, F. (2009). State of Social Enterprise Survey. London: Social Enterprise
Coalition
Lepoutre, J., Justo, R., Terjesen, S., & Bosma, N. (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology
for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
social entrepreneurship study. Small Business Economics, 40(3), 693-714. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11187-011-9398-4
Mair, J., & Noboa, E. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture
are formed. In Social entrepreneurship (pp. 121-135). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Matović, I. M., Pavlović, M., & Dabetić, Đ. (2020). Current State of Social Entrepreneurship in
Tourism Sector of the Republic of Serbia. Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism
Sector in Present Era, 5, 361-373. https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2020.361
Nedeljković-Knežević, M., & Pavluković, V. (2020). The influence of GLOBE culture dimensions
on entrepreneurial orientation in tourism and medical service sectors in Serbia. Geographica
Pannonica, 24(2), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.5937/gp24-24303
Newbert, S. L., & Hill, R. P. (2014). Setting the stage for paradigm development: A ‘small-tent’
approach to social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 243–269.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2014.889738
Nguyen, A. T., Do, T. H. H., Vu, T. B. T., Dang, K. A., & Nguyen, H. L. (2019). Factors affecting entrepreneurial
intentions among youths in Vietnam. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 186-
193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.039
Nicolás, C., Rubio, A., & Fernandez-Laviada, A. (2018). Cognitive Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship:
Variations According to the Degree of Economic Development. J. Soc. Enterp. 9, 154–
168. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1452280
OECD (1999). Social Enterprises. Paris: OECD.
Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. The
Columbia Journal of World Business, 41(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.007
Pollock, A. (2016). Social Entrepreneurship in Tourism. The Conscious Travel Approach.
TIPSE Tourism. http://www.conscious.travel/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Conscious-Tourism-
TIPSE-2016-1.pdf
Porter, B. A., Orams, M. B., & Lück, M. (2018). Sustainable entrepreneurship tourism: An alternative
development approach for remote coastal communities where awareness of tourism is low. Tourism
Planning & Development, 15(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2017.1312507
Preston, S. D., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Grabowski, T. J., Stansfield, R. B., Mehta, S., & Damasio,
A. R. (2007). The neural substrates of cognitive empathy. Social neuroscience, 2(3-4), 254-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470910701376902
Rieger, V., Gründler, A., Winkler, H. J., Tschauner, B., & Engelen, A. (2021). A cross-national perspective
of compassion’s role in driving social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of International
Management, 27(1), 100824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100824
Sharir, M., & Lerner, M. (2006). Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social
entrepreneurs. Journal of world business, 41(1), 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.004
Sheldon, P., Pollock, A., & Daniele, R. (2017). Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Setting the stage.
In P. J. Sheldon & R. Daniele (Eds.), Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Philosophy and practice
(pp. 1–18). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Sloan, P., Legrand, W., & Simons-Kaufmann, C. (2014). A survey of social entrepreneurial community-
based hospitality and tourism initiatives in developing economies: A new business approach
for industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/doi:10.1108/
WHATT-11-2013-0045
Spear, R., Aiken, M., Noya, A., & Clarence, E. (2013). Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise
creation in the Republic of Serbia. OECD Local Economic and Employment Development
(LEED) Working Papers, 2013/12, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k3xz6lswcwl-en
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, SORS. (2014). Economic Impact of Social Enterprises in
the Republic of Serbia. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
Stephan, U., & Uhlaner, L. (2010). Performance-based vs socially supportive culture: A cross-national
study of descriptive norms and entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies
41(8), 1347–1364. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.14
von der Weppen, J., & Cochrane, J. (2012). Social enterprises in tourism: An exploratory study of
operational models and success factors. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3), 497–511. https://
doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.663377
Yiu, D.W., Wan, W.P., Ng, F.W., Chen, X., & Su, J. (2014). Sentimental drivers of social entrepreneurship:
A study of China’s Guangcai (Glorious) Program. Management and Organization Review,
10(1), 55–80.
Zhao, X., Li, H. & Rauch, A. (2012). Cross-country Differences in Entrepreneurial Activity: The Role
of Cultural Practice and National Wealth. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 6(4), 447–
474. https://doi.org/10.3868/s070-001-012-0021-0
| tmt.2021-2022.567.pdf |
Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans
- UdEkoM Balkan -
179 Ustanicka St, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
E-mail: [email protected]
www.udekom.org.rs
- UdEkoM Balkan -
179 Ustanicka St, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
E-mail: [email protected]
www.udekom.org.rs
Tel. +381 62 812 5779
VAT number: 108747027
Registration number.: 28157347
Registration number.: 28157347