Valorisation of Jerma Special Nature Reserve for the Purpose of Achieving Sustainable Spatial Development and Ecotourism
Milica Dobričić - Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure, Belgrade, Serbia
Milena Cvetković - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Belgrade, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2022-2023.247
Milica Dobričić - Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure, Belgrade, Serbia
Milena Cvetković - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Belgrade, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2022-2023.247
7th International Thematic Monograph - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, Belgrade, 2022/2023, Published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans in cooperation with the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia; ISSN 2683-5673, ISBN 978-86-80194-56-1 ; Editors: Vuk Bevanda, associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Snežana Štetić, full time professor, The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia, Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade
Abstract: In this chapter, the value of the Jerma Special Nature Reserve in the Republic of Serbia, a natural asset of national and international importance, was valorised using multi-criteria decision-making. This research was conducted to determine the most favourable strategy for the sustain- able spatial development of Jerma Special Nature Reserve, with a special focus on possibilities for developing ecotourism, a type of tourism that is particularly suitable for development in protected areas of nature. Using multi-criteria decision-making, i.e. a combination of SWOT analysis and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a SWOT analysis was performed in the first step during which weight coefficients of individual elements within the SWOT group were determined, after which the same was applied to group weights. Subsequently, strategies for the development of the Jerma Special Nature Reserve area were formulated and designated with an efficiency co- efficient and ranking. This chapter aims to contribute to the better under- standing and promotion of applying multi-criteria decision-making when determining the most favourable strategy for the spatial development of a protected natural asset and developing ecotourism within its territory.
Keywords: Sustainable Spatial Development; Spatial Planning; Ecotourism; Multi-Criteria Decision-Making; Jerma Special Nature Reserve
REFERENCES
Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, M., & Smarandache, F. (2018). An extension of neutrosophic AHP–SWOT analysis for strategic planning and decision-making. Symmetry, 10(4), 116. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10040116
Began, М. (2019). Problemi konzervacije i mogućnosti interpretacije geodiverziteta kanjona i klisura Jugoistočne Srbije. Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
Cvetković, M. (2022). Valorizacija sliva Južne Morave u funkciji razvoja ekoturizma. Univer-
sitet u Beogradu.
Cvetković, M., & Šljivović, M. (2021). Prioritization of Strategies for Development of Ecotour- ism by Means of AHP-Swot on the Example of Kopaonik, Serbia. Polish Journal of Envi- ronmental Studies, 30(6), 4933-4943. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/135721
Deng, J., King, B., & Bauer, T. (2002). Evaluating natural attractions for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(01)00068-8
Dobričić, M., & Josimović, B. (2018). Sinergija prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa. Arhitektura i ur- banizam, 46, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-16268
Dobričić, M., & Sekulić, G. (2020). Assessment of the value of Protected areas in Serbia, on the example of application of PA-BAT method and tourism development. In Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, 285-299. https://doi. org/10.31410/tmt.2020.285
Dobričić, M., Šljivović, M., & Cvetković, M. (2023). Applying Multi-Criteria Decision-Mak- ing in Prioritizing Strategies for Developing Protected Natural Areas and Their Ecotour- ism: The Case of Uvac, Serbia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32(2), 1083-1090. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/156827
Drumm, A., & Moore, A. (2002). Ecotourism development. A manual for conservation planners and managers. Volume I: An introduction to ecotourism planning. The Nature Conservan- cy, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
EF. (2008). Strategija razvoja turizma opštine Dimitrovgrad. Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Galamboš, L., Srđević, Z., & Srđević, B. (2015). Određivanje višekriterijumski optimalnog rešenja za poboljšanje vodnog režima Starog Begeja (Specijalni rezervat prirode Carska bara). Vodoprivreda, 47(276-278), 277-286.
Golijanin, Ј. (2015). Geoekološka evaluacija prirodnih potencijala Ravne planine i Paljanske kotline u fukciji održivog razvoja. Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Ilić, М. (2016). Održivo upravljanje geodiverzitetom urbanih predela primenom prostornih sis- tema za podršku odlučivanju (primer grada Beograda). Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia. (2023). Protected natural resources of Serbia. Re- trieved March 12, 2023, from https://cloud.gdi.net/visios/zzps
Kaymaz, Ç. K., Birinci, S., & Kızılkan, Y. (2022). Sustainable development goals assessment of Erzurum province with SWOT-AHP analysis. Environment, Development and Sustaina- bility, 24, 2986–3012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01584-w
Kiper, T. (2013). Role of ecotourism in sustainable development. InTech. http://dx.doi.
org/10.5772/55749
Kişi, N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A'WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability, 11(4), 1–19. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su11040964
Lakićević, М. (2013). Primena Analitičkog hijerarhijskog procesa (AHP) i participativnog od- lučivanja u upravljanju Nacionalnim parkom Fruška gora. Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Margles, S. W., Masozera, M., Rugyerinyange, L., & Kaplin, B. A. (2010). Participatory plan- ning: Using SWOT-AHP analysis in buffer zone management planning. Journal of Sus- tainable Forestry, 29(6-8), 613-637. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811003769483
Markov, I. (2015). Cross-border landscape: construction of natural heritage and local develop- ment at Bulgarian-Serbian borderlands. Vents: The Belogradchik Journal for Local Histo- ry, Cultural Heritage and Folk Studies, 6(2), 159–184.
Panić, N., & Orlović-Lovren, V. (2014). Smernice za integralno upravljanje ekoturizmom na po- dručju Nacionalnog parka Đerdap. Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije i JP Nacionalni park Djerdap.
Saaty, T. L. (1977). A scaling method for priorities in hierarchial structures. Journal of Mathe- matical Psychology, 15(3), 234-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
Saaty, T. L. (1988). What is the Analytic hierarchy process? Mathematical Models for Decision Support, 48, 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83555-1_5
Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process. International Jour- nal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssci.2008.017590
Sasana, H., Nulcahyanto, H., & Novitaninytyas, I. (2019). The Development Strategy in World Heritage Tourism in Indonesia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(5), 1–14.
Skupština Republike Srbije. (2009). Zakon o zaštiti prirode (Sl. glasnik RS, br. 36/2009, 88/2010, 91/2010 - ispr., 14/2016, 95/2018 - dr. zakon i 71/2021)
Skupština Republike Srbije. (2009a). Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji (Sl. glasnik RS, br. 72/2009, 81/2009 - ispr., 64/2010 - odluka US, 24/2011, 121/2012, 42/2013 - odluka US, 50/2013 - od- luka US, 98/2013 - odluka US, 132/2014, 145/2014, 83/2018, 31/2019, 37/2019 - dr. zakon, 9/2020 i 52/2021).
Šljivović, M. (2017). The application of combined SWOT AHP method in planning of tourism development strategy in the case of the Timok Region. Megatrend revija, 14(1), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev1701283s
Spenceley, A., & Rylance, A. (2021). Ecotourism and the sustainable development goals. Rout- ledge handbook of ecotourism, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-1
Srđević, B., & Jandrić, Z. (2000). Studija–Analitički hijerarhijski proces u strateškom gazdo- vanju šumama. Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
Sudiono, S., Sutjahyo, S. H., Wijayanto, N., Hidayat, P., & Kurniawan, R. (2019). The analy- sis on the formulation of integrated pest management policy strategy by using Swot-AHP method (a case study on vegetable plant cultivation in Lampung province). Journal of Ap- plied Agricultural Science and Technology, 3(2), 239-256. https://doi.org/10.32530/jaast. v3i2.119
Taškov, D. (2013). Natural and Cultural Values of Special Nature Reserve Jerma. Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia and Environmental Protection Society ''Stara planina'', Belgrade/Pirot.
TIES. (2015). What is Ecotourism? The International Ecotourism Society. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Vlada Republike Srbije. (2014). Uredba o proglašenju Specijalnog rezervata prirode Jerma.
Službeni glasnik RS, broj 101/14.
Vlada Republike Srbije. (2019). Uredba o utvrđivanju Prostornog plana područja posebne na- mene Specijalnog rezervata prirode Jerma. Službeni glasnik RS, broj 9/2019.
Wickramasinghe, V., & Takano, S. (2010). Application of Combined SWOT and Analytic Hi- erarchy Process (AHP) for Tourism Revival Strategic Marketing Planning: A Case of Sri Lanka Tourism. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for transportation studies, 8, 954-969.
https://doi.org/10.11175/easts.8.954
Wikipedia. (2022). Specijalni rezervat prirode Jerma. Retrieved May 3, 2022 from https:// sr.m.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/Специјални_резерват_природе_Јерма
Xu, L., Ao, C., Liu, B., & Cai, Z. (2022). Ecotourism and sustainable development: a sciento- metric review of global research trends. Environment, development and sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02190-0
Zorlu, K., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). Determination of Strategies of Ecotourism in Protected Ar- eas with SWOT-AHP Method: The Case of Aksaray – Ihlara Special Environmental Protection Zone (SEPZ). Journal of Geography, 40, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.26650/ JGEOG2019-0051
Keywords: Sustainable Spatial Development; Spatial Planning; Ecotourism; Multi-Criteria Decision-Making; Jerma Special Nature Reserve
REFERENCES
Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, M., & Smarandache, F. (2018). An extension of neutrosophic AHP–SWOT analysis for strategic planning and decision-making. Symmetry, 10(4), 116. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10040116
Began, М. (2019). Problemi konzervacije i mogućnosti interpretacije geodiverziteta kanjona i klisura Jugoistočne Srbije. Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
Cvetković, M. (2022). Valorizacija sliva Južne Morave u funkciji razvoja ekoturizma. Univer-
sitet u Beogradu.
Cvetković, M., & Šljivović, M. (2021). Prioritization of Strategies for Development of Ecotour- ism by Means of AHP-Swot on the Example of Kopaonik, Serbia. Polish Journal of Envi- ronmental Studies, 30(6), 4933-4943. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/135721
Deng, J., King, B., & Bauer, T. (2002). Evaluating natural attractions for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(01)00068-8
Dobričić, M., & Josimović, B. (2018). Sinergija prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa. Arhitektura i ur- banizam, 46, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-16268
Dobričić, M., & Sekulić, G. (2020). Assessment of the value of Protected areas in Serbia, on the example of application of PA-BAT method and tourism development. In Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, 285-299. https://doi. org/10.31410/tmt.2020.285
Dobričić, M., Šljivović, M., & Cvetković, M. (2023). Applying Multi-Criteria Decision-Mak- ing in Prioritizing Strategies for Developing Protected Natural Areas and Their Ecotour- ism: The Case of Uvac, Serbia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32(2), 1083-1090. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/156827
Drumm, A., & Moore, A. (2002). Ecotourism development. A manual for conservation planners and managers. Volume I: An introduction to ecotourism planning. The Nature Conservan- cy, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
EF. (2008). Strategija razvoja turizma opštine Dimitrovgrad. Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Galamboš, L., Srđević, Z., & Srđević, B. (2015). Određivanje višekriterijumski optimalnog rešenja za poboljšanje vodnog režima Starog Begeja (Specijalni rezervat prirode Carska bara). Vodoprivreda, 47(276-278), 277-286.
Golijanin, Ј. (2015). Geoekološka evaluacija prirodnih potencijala Ravne planine i Paljanske kotline u fukciji održivog razvoja. Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Ilić, М. (2016). Održivo upravljanje geodiverzitetom urbanih predela primenom prostornih sis- tema za podršku odlučivanju (primer grada Beograda). Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia. (2023). Protected natural resources of Serbia. Re- trieved March 12, 2023, from https://cloud.gdi.net/visios/zzps
Kaymaz, Ç. K., Birinci, S., & Kızılkan, Y. (2022). Sustainable development goals assessment of Erzurum province with SWOT-AHP analysis. Environment, Development and Sustaina- bility, 24, 2986–3012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01584-w
Kiper, T. (2013). Role of ecotourism in sustainable development. InTech. http://dx.doi.
org/10.5772/55749
Kişi, N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A'WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability, 11(4), 1–19. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su11040964
Lakićević, М. (2013). Primena Analitičkog hijerarhijskog procesa (AHP) i participativnog od- lučivanja u upravljanju Nacionalnim parkom Fruška gora. Univerzitet u Beogradu.
Margles, S. W., Masozera, M., Rugyerinyange, L., & Kaplin, B. A. (2010). Participatory plan- ning: Using SWOT-AHP analysis in buffer zone management planning. Journal of Sus- tainable Forestry, 29(6-8), 613-637. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811003769483
Markov, I. (2015). Cross-border landscape: construction of natural heritage and local develop- ment at Bulgarian-Serbian borderlands. Vents: The Belogradchik Journal for Local Histo- ry, Cultural Heritage and Folk Studies, 6(2), 159–184.
Panić, N., & Orlović-Lovren, V. (2014). Smernice za integralno upravljanje ekoturizmom na po- dručju Nacionalnog parka Đerdap. Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije i JP Nacionalni park Djerdap.
Saaty, T. L. (1977). A scaling method for priorities in hierarchial structures. Journal of Mathe- matical Psychology, 15(3), 234-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
Saaty, T. L. (1988). What is the Analytic hierarchy process? Mathematical Models for Decision Support, 48, 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83555-1_5
Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process. International Jour- nal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssci.2008.017590
Sasana, H., Nulcahyanto, H., & Novitaninytyas, I. (2019). The Development Strategy in World Heritage Tourism in Indonesia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(5), 1–14.
Skupština Republike Srbije. (2009). Zakon o zaštiti prirode (Sl. glasnik RS, br. 36/2009, 88/2010, 91/2010 - ispr., 14/2016, 95/2018 - dr. zakon i 71/2021)
Skupština Republike Srbije. (2009a). Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji (Sl. glasnik RS, br. 72/2009, 81/2009 - ispr., 64/2010 - odluka US, 24/2011, 121/2012, 42/2013 - odluka US, 50/2013 - od- luka US, 98/2013 - odluka US, 132/2014, 145/2014, 83/2018, 31/2019, 37/2019 - dr. zakon, 9/2020 i 52/2021).
Šljivović, M. (2017). The application of combined SWOT AHP method in planning of tourism development strategy in the case of the Timok Region. Megatrend revija, 14(1), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev1701283s
Spenceley, A., & Rylance, A. (2021). Ecotourism and the sustainable development goals. Rout- ledge handbook of ecotourism, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-1
Srđević, B., & Jandrić, Z. (2000). Studija–Analitički hijerarhijski proces u strateškom gazdo- vanju šumama. Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
Sudiono, S., Sutjahyo, S. H., Wijayanto, N., Hidayat, P., & Kurniawan, R. (2019). The analy- sis on the formulation of integrated pest management policy strategy by using Swot-AHP method (a case study on vegetable plant cultivation in Lampung province). Journal of Ap- plied Agricultural Science and Technology, 3(2), 239-256. https://doi.org/10.32530/jaast. v3i2.119
Taškov, D. (2013). Natural and Cultural Values of Special Nature Reserve Jerma. Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia and Environmental Protection Society ''Stara planina'', Belgrade/Pirot.
TIES. (2015). What is Ecotourism? The International Ecotourism Society. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Vlada Republike Srbije. (2014). Uredba o proglašenju Specijalnog rezervata prirode Jerma.
Službeni glasnik RS, broj 101/14.
Vlada Republike Srbije. (2019). Uredba o utvrđivanju Prostornog plana područja posebne na- mene Specijalnog rezervata prirode Jerma. Službeni glasnik RS, broj 9/2019.
Wickramasinghe, V., & Takano, S. (2010). Application of Combined SWOT and Analytic Hi- erarchy Process (AHP) for Tourism Revival Strategic Marketing Planning: A Case of Sri Lanka Tourism. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for transportation studies, 8, 954-969.
https://doi.org/10.11175/easts.8.954
Wikipedia. (2022). Specijalni rezervat prirode Jerma. Retrieved May 3, 2022 from https:// sr.m.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/Специјални_резерват_природе_Јерма
Xu, L., Ao, C., Liu, B., & Cai, Z. (2022). Ecotourism and sustainable development: a sciento- metric review of global research trends. Environment, development and sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02190-0
Zorlu, K., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). Determination of Strategies of Ecotourism in Protected Ar- eas with SWOT-AHP Method: The Case of Aksaray – Ihlara Special Environmental Protection Zone (SEPZ). Journal of Geography, 40, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.26650/ JGEOG2019-0051
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