Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Transition in Tourism in the Example of Kotor
Nikola Konjevic - Faculty for Mediterranean Business Studies, University Adriatik, Montenegro
Goran Radovic - Faculty for Mediterranean Business Studies, University Adriatik, Montenegro
Antonije Djukic - Faculty for Mediterranean Business Studies, University Adriatik, Montenegro
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2022-2023.213
Nikola Konjevic - Faculty for Mediterranean Business Studies, University Adriatik, Montenegro
Goran Radovic - Faculty for Mediterranean Business Studies, University Adriatik, Montenegro
Antonije Djukic - Faculty for Mediterranean Business Studies, University Adriatik, Montenegro
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2022-2023.213
7th International Thematic Monograph - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, Belgrade, 2022/2023, Published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans in cooperation with the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia; ISSN 2683-5673, ISBN 978-86-80194-56-1 ; Editors: Vuk Bevanda, associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Snežana Štetić, full time professor, The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia, Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade
Abstract: In early 2020, the world faced a global crisis caused by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Both as an economic activity and observed through the correlation of relationships and phenomena that arise when foreigners are travelling and staying at a place, tourism felt the most consequences of the pandemic. The crisis also affected Montenegro, where tourism is a strategic economic sector. To analyse the consequences of the crisis, this paper reviews the example of Kotor, a site included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List, together with the Bay of Kotor and the Bay of Risan. The authors aim to determine the changes in the volume and structure of tourists before and after the pandemic, as well as the gravity areas and countries of origin. In addition, this paper will present the results of the survey "Study of Kotor's Identity in Crisis" carried out in cooperation with the Tourist Organization of Kotor in 2021 and 2022.
Keywords: Tourism; COVID-19; Kotor; Origin of Tourists; Social Environment
REFERENCES
Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta Crne Gore. (2017). Procjena uticaja na baštinu za prirodno i kulturno istorijsko područje Kotora.
Blaskey, S., et al. (2020). "How Many Coronavirus Cases Have Been Linked to Cruises? Check Out the Latest Numbers." Miami Herald, 23 April, updated 4 July. Retrieved from https:// www.miamiherald.com/news/business/tourism-cruises/article241914096.html
Chien-Chiang, L., Godwin, Ol-W., & Seyi, S. A. (2021). Geopolitical Risk and Tourism. Journal of Tourism Research, 23(1), 26–38.
Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. New York: Haworth Press. (pp. 134).
Duplančić, D. (2020). Destinacija Kotor ima najgoru sezonu u povijesti turizma, https://turizam24.com/destinacija-kotor-ima-najgoru-sezonu-u-povijesti/
Farsari, I., Butler, R. W., & Szivas, E. (2011). Complexity in tourism policies: A Cognitive Mapping Approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1110-1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annals.2011.03.007
Greg, R. (1999). European Cultural Tourism: Patterns and Prospects. In Planning Cultural Tourism in Europe (pp. 16-32). Amsterdam: Boekman Foundation/Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.
ICOMOS. (1976). 1976 ICOMOS CULTURAL TOURISM CHARTER, https://www.icomosictc.org/p/1976-icomos-cultural-tourism-charter.html#:~:text=It%20can%20be%20 considered%20the,economic%20benefit%20and%20cultural%20education
Investigating the Identity of Kotor in Crisis. (2021-2022). Survey.
Kim, E., Choi, C., & Tanford, S. (2020). Influence of Scarcity on Travel Decisions and Cognitive Dissonance. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941 665.2020.1720258
Konjević, N. B. (2021). Interdependence between the Cruise Ship Tourism Development and Historic Cores Using the Example of Kotor, Montenegro. International Journal of Scholarly Papers, Transformations in Business & Economics, 20(1), 111-124.
Marić, T. (2015). Kulturni turizam [Završni rad, Sveučilište Jurja Dobrile u Puli, Fakultet ekonomije i turizma "Dr. Mijo Mirković"], Pula.
MONSTAT. (2019). Istraživanje o dolascima i noćenjima turista, 2019.godine, Saopštenje broj 36/2, Podgorica.
MONSTAT. (2020). Istraživanje o dolascima i noćenjima turista, 2020. godine, Saopštenje broj 21/2, Podgorica.
MONSTAT. (2021a). Kružna putovanja stranih brodova 2020.godine, Saopštenje broj 35/2, Podgorica, 3. jun 2021.godine.
MONSTAT. (2021b). https://www.monstat.org/uploads/files/TURIZAM/kruznaputovanja/2021K/Kru%C5%BEna%20putovanja%20stranih%20brodova%202021.%20godina.pdf
Port of Kotor. (2021). http://www.portofkotor.com/Saopstenje%20za%20javnost%2014.04.2021.pdf
Port of Kotor JSC. (2021). Application of measures and guidelines for the operation of the Port of Kotor JSC under the conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lkp.30, http://www.portofkotor.co.me/PROTOKOL%20Covid%20-19%20eng.pdf
Radović, G., & Konjević, N. (2019). Arheološki turizam kao segment ponude kruzing turistima na primjeru lokaliteta rimskih mozaika u Risnu u zalivu Boke Kotorske, str. 1;
Raikov, A. (2020). Megapolis Tourism Development Strategic Planning with Cognitive Modelling Support. In: Yang, XS., Sherratt, S., Dey, N., Joshi, A. (eds) Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 1041. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0637-6_12
WHO. (2023). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub
Janković, M., Gajdobranski, A., & Krmpot, V. (2022). Pandemija COVID-19 i njen uticaj na razvoj ruralnog turizma u Srbiji, Univerzitet UNION-Nikola Tesla, Fakultet za poslovne studije i pravo, Osma konferencija – Primjena novih tehnologija u menadžmentu i tehnogiji, Zbornik radova Vol 1, Beograd.
Ministarstvo Kulture Crne Gore. (2011). Menadžment plan Prirodnog i kulturno-istorijskog Područja Kotora, Cetinje.
Vizjak, A. (1998). Značenje kulture u turizmu Europe, Turizam, 46, 5/6.
Yvette, R. (1994). Tourist-Host Contact as a Part of Cultural Tourism. World Leisure and Recreation, 36(Summer), 24-28.
Keywords: Tourism; COVID-19; Kotor; Origin of Tourists; Social Environment
REFERENCES
Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta Crne Gore. (2017). Procjena uticaja na baštinu za prirodno i kulturno istorijsko područje Kotora.
Blaskey, S., et al. (2020). "How Many Coronavirus Cases Have Been Linked to Cruises? Check Out the Latest Numbers." Miami Herald, 23 April, updated 4 July. Retrieved from https:// www.miamiherald.com/news/business/tourism-cruises/article241914096.html
Chien-Chiang, L., Godwin, Ol-W., & Seyi, S. A. (2021). Geopolitical Risk and Tourism. Journal of Tourism Research, 23(1), 26–38.
Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. New York: Haworth Press. (pp. 134).
Duplančić, D. (2020). Destinacija Kotor ima najgoru sezonu u povijesti turizma, https://turizam24.com/destinacija-kotor-ima-najgoru-sezonu-u-povijesti/
Farsari, I., Butler, R. W., & Szivas, E. (2011). Complexity in tourism policies: A Cognitive Mapping Approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1110-1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annals.2011.03.007
Greg, R. (1999). European Cultural Tourism: Patterns and Prospects. In Planning Cultural Tourism in Europe (pp. 16-32). Amsterdam: Boekman Foundation/Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.
ICOMOS. (1976). 1976 ICOMOS CULTURAL TOURISM CHARTER, https://www.icomosictc.org/p/1976-icomos-cultural-tourism-charter.html#:~:text=It%20can%20be%20 considered%20the,economic%20benefit%20and%20cultural%20education
Investigating the Identity of Kotor in Crisis. (2021-2022). Survey.
Kim, E., Choi, C., & Tanford, S. (2020). Influence of Scarcity on Travel Decisions and Cognitive Dissonance. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941 665.2020.1720258
Konjević, N. B. (2021). Interdependence between the Cruise Ship Tourism Development and Historic Cores Using the Example of Kotor, Montenegro. International Journal of Scholarly Papers, Transformations in Business & Economics, 20(1), 111-124.
Marić, T. (2015). Kulturni turizam [Završni rad, Sveučilište Jurja Dobrile u Puli, Fakultet ekonomije i turizma "Dr. Mijo Mirković"], Pula.
MONSTAT. (2019). Istraživanje o dolascima i noćenjima turista, 2019.godine, Saopštenje broj 36/2, Podgorica.
MONSTAT. (2020). Istraživanje o dolascima i noćenjima turista, 2020. godine, Saopštenje broj 21/2, Podgorica.
MONSTAT. (2021a). Kružna putovanja stranih brodova 2020.godine, Saopštenje broj 35/2, Podgorica, 3. jun 2021.godine.
MONSTAT. (2021b). https://www.monstat.org/uploads/files/TURIZAM/kruznaputovanja/2021K/Kru%C5%BEna%20putovanja%20stranih%20brodova%202021.%20godina.pdf
Port of Kotor. (2021). http://www.portofkotor.com/Saopstenje%20za%20javnost%2014.04.2021.pdf
Port of Kotor JSC. (2021). Application of measures and guidelines for the operation of the Port of Kotor JSC under the conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lkp.30, http://www.portofkotor.co.me/PROTOKOL%20Covid%20-19%20eng.pdf
Radović, G., & Konjević, N. (2019). Arheološki turizam kao segment ponude kruzing turistima na primjeru lokaliteta rimskih mozaika u Risnu u zalivu Boke Kotorske, str. 1;
Raikov, A. (2020). Megapolis Tourism Development Strategic Planning with Cognitive Modelling Support. In: Yang, XS., Sherratt, S., Dey, N., Joshi, A. (eds) Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 1041. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0637-6_12
WHO. (2023). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub
Janković, M., Gajdobranski, A., & Krmpot, V. (2022). Pandemija COVID-19 i njen uticaj na razvoj ruralnog turizma u Srbiji, Univerzitet UNION-Nikola Tesla, Fakultet za poslovne studije i pravo, Osma konferencija – Primjena novih tehnologija u menadžmentu i tehnogiji, Zbornik radova Vol 1, Beograd.
Ministarstvo Kulture Crne Gore. (2011). Menadžment plan Prirodnog i kulturno-istorijskog Područja Kotora, Cetinje.
Vizjak, A. (1998). Značenje kulture u turizmu Europe, Turizam, 46, 5/6.
Yvette, R. (1994). Tourist-Host Contact as a Part of Cultural Tourism. World Leisure and Recreation, 36(Summer), 24-28.
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